üldnimetus täppisvalandite tootmise protsessidele kordkasutusega tervikvormides; need saadakse kordkasutusega (kergsulavatest, lahustuvatest või gasifitseeruvatest materjalidest) valumudeleid kasutade, casting metal into a mold produced by surrounding, or investing, an expendable pattern with a refractory slurry coating that sets at room temperature, after which the wax or plastic pattern is removed